Init

.gitattributes

+#
+# https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings/
+#
+# These are explicitly windows files and should use crlf
+*.bat           text eol=crlf
+

.gitignore

+# Ignore Gradle project-specific cache directory
+.gradle
+
+# Ignore Gradle build output directory
+build

README.md

-# Thread Asynchronization
-

app/build.gradle

+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This generated file contains a sample Java application project to get you started.
+ * For more details take a look at the 'Building Java & JVM projects' chapter in the Gradle
+ * User Manual available at https://docs.gradle.org/7.4.2/userguide/building_java_projects.html
+ */
+
+plugins {
+    // Apply the application plugin to add support for building a CLI application in Java.
+    id 'application'
+}
+
+repositories {
+    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    // Use JUnit Jupiter for testing.
+    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.8.1'
+
+    // This dependency is used by the application.
+    implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:30.1.1-jre'
+}
+
+application {
+    // Define the main class for the application.
+    mainClass = 'com.crio.threads.App'
+}
+
+tasks.named('test') {
+    // Use JUnit Platform for unit tests.
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+}

app/src/main/java/com/crio/threads/App.java

+/*
+ * This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ */
+package com.crio.threads;
+
+public class App {
+    public String getGreeting() {
+        return "Hello World!";
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/com/crio/threads/taskexecution/App.java

+package com.crio.threads.taskexecution;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class App {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {  
+        
+        // Creator a ThreadPool of 10  Fixed Threads
+        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); 
+
+        // Runnable Task
+        Runnable runnableTask = () -> {
+            try {
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        };
+        // The execute() method is void and doesn't give any possibility to get the result of a task's execution or to check the task's status (is it running):
+        executorService.execute(runnableTask);
+
+        //Callable Task
+        Callable<String> callableTask = () -> {
+            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
+            return "Task's execution";
+        };
+
+        // submit() submits a Callable or a Runnable task to an ExecutorService and returns a result of type Future:
+        Future<String> future = executorService.submit(callableTask);
+        try {
+            System.out.println("Line 38: Response inside future: "+ future.get());
+        } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e1.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (ExecutionException e1) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e1.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+
+        //Factorial Callable Tasks
+        
+        List<FactorialTask> callableTasks = new ArrayList<>(); 
+        callableTasks.add(new FactorialTask(5));
+        callableTasks.add(new FactorialTask(10));
+        callableTasks.add(new FactorialTask(15));
+
+
+        try {
+        // invokeAny() assigns a collection of tasks to an ExecutorService, causing each to run, and returns the result of a successful execution of one task (if there was a successful execution):
+            Integer result = executorService.invokeAny(callableTasks);
+            System.out.println("InvokeAny " + result);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        // invokeAll() assigns a collection of tasks to an ExecutorService, causing each to run, and returns the result of all task executions in the form of a list of objects of type Future:
+        try {
+            List<Future<Integer>> futures = executorService.invokeAll(callableTasks);
+            for (Future<Integer> response : futures){
+                System.out.println("InvokeAll " + response.get());
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+
+
+        // The shutdown() method doesn't cause immediate destruction of the ExecutorService. It will make the ExecutorService stop accepting new tasks and shut down after all running threads finish their current work:
+        executorService.shutdown();  
+
+       
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/com/crio/threads/taskexecution/FactorialTask.java

+package com.crio.threads.taskexecution;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+
+public class FactorialTask implements Callable<Integer> {
+    int number;
+
+    public FactorialTask(int number) {
+        this.number = number;
+    }
+
+    public Integer call() throws InvalidParamaterException {
+        int fact=1;
+        if(number < 0)
+            throw new InvalidParamaterException("Number must be positive");
+
+        for(int count=number;count>1;count--){
+            fact=fact * count;
+        }
+
+        return fact;
+    }
+
+    private class InvalidParamaterException extends Exception {
+        public InvalidParamaterException(String message) {
+            super(message);
+        }
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/com/crio/threads/weatherfetcher/WeatherFetcherCallable.java

+package com.crio.threads.weatherfetcher;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+public class WeatherFetcherCallable implements Callable<String> {
+    private String city;
+    private double latitude;
+    private double longitude;
+    private static final String APP_ID = "2054e475";
+    private static final String APP_KEY = "5d12d75426a488379dcf5c27b9bef6f7";
+
+    public WeatherFetcherCallable(String city, double latitude, double longitude) {
+        this.city = city;
+        this.latitude = latitude;
+        this.longitude = longitude;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String call() throws Exception {
+        // Simulate API request to OpenWeatherMap
+        return fetchWeather(latitude, longitude);
+    }
+
+    private String fetchWeather(double lat, double lon) throws Exception {
+        String urlString = "http://api.weatherunlocked.com/api/forecast/" + lat + "," + lon
+            + "?app_id=" + APP_ID + "&app_key=" + APP_KEY;
+        System.out.println(urlString);
+        URL url = new URL(urlString);
+        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+        connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
+
+        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
+        if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
+            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
+            String inputLine;
+            StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
+
+            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
+                response.append(inputLine);
+            }
+            in.close();
+            return response.toString();
+        } else {
+            throw new Exception("GET request failed. Response Code: " + responseCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Example coordinates for London
+        double lat = 51.5074;
+        double lon = -0.1278;
+        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
+        Callable<String> task = new WeatherFetcherCallable("London", lat, lon);
+        Future<String> future = executor.submit(task);
+
+        try {
+            // Check if the task is done
+            if (future.isDone()) {
+                System.out.println("Task is already completed");
+            } else {
+                // Wait and retrieve the result of the API request
+                String weatherData = future.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // Timeout after 10 seconds
+                System.out.println("Weather data for London: " + weatherData);
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            System.out.println("The request timed out.");
+            boolean cancelled = future.cancel(true);
+            System.out.println("Task cancelled: " + cancelled);
+        } finally {
+            executor.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

app/src/main/java/com/crio/threads/weatherfetcher/WeatherFetcherRunnable.java

+package com.crio.threads.weatherfetcher;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+public class WeatherFetcherRunnable implements Runnable {
+    private String city;
+    private double latitude;
+    private double longitude;
+    private static final String APP_ID = "2054e475";
+    private static final String APP_KEY = "5d12d75426a488379dcf5c27b9bef6f7";
+
+    public WeatherFetcherRunnable(String city, double latitude, double longitude) {
+        this.city = city;
+        this.latitude = latitude;
+        this.longitude = longitude;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            String response = fetchWeather(latitude, longitude);
+            System.out.println("Weather data for " + city + ": " + response);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String fetchWeather(double lat, double lon) throws Exception {
+        String urlString = "http://api.weatherunlocked.com/api/forecast/" + lat + "," + lon
+            + "?app_id=" + APP_ID + "&app_key=" + APP_KEY;
+        System.out.println(urlString);
+        URL url = new URL(urlString);
+        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+        connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
+
+        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
+        if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
+            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
+            String inputLine;
+            StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
+
+            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
+                response.append(inputLine);
+            }
+            in.close();
+            return response.toString();
+        } else {
+            throw new Exception("GET request failed. Response Code: " + responseCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Example coordinates for London
+        double lat = 51.5074;
+        double lon = -0.1278;
+        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
+        executor.execute(new WeatherFetcherRunnable("London", lat, lon));
+        executor.shutdown();
+    }
+}
+

app/src/test/java/com/crio/threads/AppTest.java

+/*
+ * This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ */
+package com.crio.threads;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class AppTest {
+    @Test void appHasAGreeting() {
+        App classUnderTest = new App();
+        assertNotNull(classUnderTest.getGreeting(), "app should have a greeting");
+    }
+}

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.4.2-bin.zip
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

gradlew

+#!/bin/sh
+
+#
+# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+##############################################################################
+#
+#   Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
+#
+#   Important for running:
+#
+#   (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
+#       noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
+#       bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
+#       command line, like:
+#
+#           ksh Gradle
+#
+#       Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
+#       requires all of these POSIX shell features:
+#         * functions;
+#         * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
+#           «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
+#         * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
+#         * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
+#
+#   Important for patching:
+#
+#   (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
+#       by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
+#
+#       The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
+#       space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
+#       problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
+#       options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
+#
+#       Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
+#       and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
+#       see the in-line comments for details.
+#
+#       There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
+#       Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
+#
+#   (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
+#       https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/master/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
+#       within the Gradle project.
+#
+#       You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
+#
+##############################################################################
+
+# Attempt to set APP_HOME
+
+# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
+app_path=$0
+
+# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
+while
+    APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"}  # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
+    [ -h "$app_path" ]
+do
+    ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
+    link=${ls#*' -> '}
+    case $link in             #(
+      /*)   app_path=$link ;; #(
+      *)    app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" && pwd -P ) || exit
+
+APP_NAME="Gradle"
+APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
+MAX_FD=maximum
+
+warn () {
+    echo "$*"
+} >&2
+
+die () {
+    echo
+    echo "$*"
+    echo
+    exit 1
+} >&2
+
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false
+msys=false
+darwin=false
+nonstop=false
+case "$( uname )" in                #(
+  CYGWIN* )         cygwin=true  ;; #(
+  Darwin* )         darwin=true  ;; #(
+  MSYS* | MINGW* )  msys=true    ;; #(
+  NONSTOP* )        nonstop=true ;;
+esac
+
+CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
+if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
+        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
+    else
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
+    fi
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+else
+    JAVACMD=java
+    which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+fi
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
+if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
+    case $MAX_FD in #(
+      max*)
+        MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
+            warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
+    esac
+    case $MAX_FD in  #(
+      '' | soft) :;; #(
+      *)
+        ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
+            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
+#   * args from the command line
+#   * the main class name
+#   * -classpath
+#   * -D...appname settings
+#   * --module-path (only if needed)
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.
+
+# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
+    APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
+    CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )
+
+    JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )
+
+    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+    for arg do
+        if
+            case $arg in                                #(
+              -*)   false ;;                            # don't mess with options #(
+              /?*)  t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*}              # looks like a POSIX filepath
+                    [ -e "$t" ] ;;                      #(
+              *)    false ;;
+            esac
+        then
+            arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
+        fi
+        # Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
+        # args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
+        # possibly modified.
+        #
+        # NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
+        # changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
+        # iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
+        shift                   # remove old arg
+        set -- "$@" "$arg"      # push replacement arg
+    done
+fi
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command;
+#   * $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, $JAVA_OPTS, and $GRADLE_OPTS can contain fragments of
+#     shell script including quotes and variable substitutions, so put them in
+#     double quotes to make sure that they get re-expanded; and
+#   * put everything else in single quotes, so that it's not re-expanded.
+
+set -- \
+        "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
+        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+        org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
+        "$@"
+
+# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
+#
+# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
+#
+# In Bash we could simply go:
+#
+#   readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
+#   set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
+#
+# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
+# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
+# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
+# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
+# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
+#
+# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
+# an unmatched quote.
+#
+
+eval "set -- $(
+        printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
+        xargs -n1 |
+        sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
+        tr '\n' ' '
+    )" '"$@"'
+
+exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"

gradlew.bat

+@rem
+@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
+@rem
+@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@rem
+@rem      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@rem
+@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+@rem limitations under the License.
+@rem
+
+@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off
+@rem ##########################################################################
+@rem
+@rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
+@rem
+@rem ##########################################################################
+
+@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
+
+set DIRNAME=%~dp0
+if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=.
+set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
+set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
+
+@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter.
+for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi
+
+@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"
+
+@rem Find java.exe
+if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
+
+set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
+%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto execute
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:findJavaFromJavaHome
+set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
+set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
+
+if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:execute
+@rem Setup the command line
+
+set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+@rem Execute Gradle
+"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %*
+
+:end
+@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd
+
+:fail
+rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
+rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
+if  not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1
+exit /b 1
+
+:mainEnd
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
+
+:omega

settings.gradle

+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * The settings file is used to specify which projects to include in your build.
+ *
+ * Detailed information about configuring a multi-project build in Gradle can be found
+ * in the user manual at https://docs.gradle.org/7.4.2/userguide/multi_project_builds.html
+ */
+
+rootProject.name = 'thread-asynchronization'
+include('app')